3 Poles Expeditions | History of the Poles - North Pole

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	North Pole

First ⁽¹⁾	1968	Ralph Plaisted Gerald Pitzl J.L. Bombardier Walt Pederson
First unsupported ⁽²⁾	1979	Dmitri Shparo Yuri Khemelevsky Vladimir Ledenev Anatoli Melnikov Vasili Shishkarev Vladimir Rakmanov Vadim Davidov
First unsupported unassisted ⁽³⁾	1994	Borge Ousland
Number ⁽¹⁾	211
Number unsupported ⁽²⁾	116
Number unsupported unassisted ⁽³⁾	43
First crossing ⁽⁴⁾	1969	Wally Herbert Kenneth Hedges Alan Gill Roy Koerner
First crossing unsupported ^{(4) (2)}	1988	Dmitri Shparo Richard Weber Aleksandr Beliaev Fedor Konyukhov Vladimir Ledenev Mikhail Malakhov Anatoli Melnikov Anatoli Fediarov Yuri Khemelevsky Vasili Shishkarev Laufie Dexter Christopher Holloway Max Buxton
First crossing unsupported unassisted ^{(4) (3)}	1995	Richard Weber Mikhail Malakhov
Number of crossing ⁽⁴⁾	39
Number of crossing unsupported ^{(4) (2)}	26
Number of crossing unsupported unassisted ^{(4) (3)}	4
First solo ⁽⁵⁾	1978	Naomi Uemura
First solo unsupported ^{(5) (2)}	1986	Jean-Louis Etienne
First solo unsupported unassisted ^{(5) (3)}	1994	Borge Ousland
Number of solo ⁽⁵⁾	12
Number of solo unsupported ^{(5) (2)}	8
Number of solo unsupported unassisted ^{(5) (3)}	2
First crossing solo ^{(4) (5)}	1997	Mitsuro Ohba
First crossing solo unsupported ^{(4) (5) (2)}	1997	Mitsuro Ohba
First crossing solo unsupported unassisted ^{(4) (5) (3)}	-
Number of crossing solo ^{(4) (5)}	2
Number of crossing solo unsupported ^{(4) (5) (2)}	1
Number of crossing solo unsupported unassisted ^{(4) (5) (3)}	-
Expedition average length ⁽⁹⁾	62 days
Nearest medical center ⁽¹¹⁾	1310 km	Longyearbyen (Spitzberg)
Maximum altitude	0 m
Available quantity of oxygen ⁽¹³⁾	100%
Average temperatures ⁽¹²⁾	-40°c / -5°c
Average humidity ⁽¹²⁾	85%
Expedition average cost ⁽¹⁰⁾	45 000 €
Oldest⁽⁸⁾	52 years	Matty Mc Nair Vladimir Chukov
Average age ⁽⁸⁾	37 years
Youngest ⁽⁸⁾	26 years	Il-Jeong Chan

⁽¹⁾ F.A. Cook et R.E. Peary, with their teams, may have reached North Pole, with dogsled, in 1908 and 1909 respectively ; for more information, please refer to History of North Pole

⁽²⁾ "unsupported" : human powered only, without external power aids (motorized vehicle, dogsled, parasail,...)

⁽³⁾ "unassisted" : without any outside help such as air-resupply, rescue or oxygen ; nevertheless, the "unassisted" label does not exclude a distant logistical support

⁽⁴⁾ "crossing" : crossing of the arctic ocean or the antarctic continent from seacoast to seacoast via the Pole ; this label also applies to return trips

⁽⁵⁾ "solo" : the explorer shall be alone, but it does not imply to be also "unsupported" or "unassisted"

⁽⁸⁾ all types of expeditions

⁽⁹⁾ expeditions unsupported

⁽¹⁰⁾ per person, for a team of 6/8 people (Everest) ; of 2 people (North Pole & South Pole)

⁽¹¹⁾ first medical center reachable from the furthermost point of the expedition (Everest summit, North Pole, South Pole)

⁽¹²⁾ during traditional expedition seasons and over the all expedition length (Everest : April & May, September & October at base camp and summit ; North Pole : March & April over all the journey ; South Pole : November & December over all the journey)

⁽¹³⁾ at the goal (Everest summit, North Pole, South Pole)

All expeditions up to 10/30/07

Source : 3 Poles, Adventurestats / Explorersweb, The Himalayan Database

History of North Pole

Conquer North Pole

The French at North Pole

Selective bibliography

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